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DanceDanceRevolution
History - Gameplay (Scoring - GROOVE RADAR) - Trivia - Glossary
AC releases (Info - All region) - CS releases (JP - NA - EU - Other)
List of DDR characters - List of DDR artists - List of DDR songs (CS exclusives)

DanceDanceRevolution

DanceDanceRevolution (ダンスダンスレボリューション), abbreviated DDR and also previously known as Dancing Stage (ダンシングステージ) in Europe, Oceania, and in some spin-offs, is the second music video game series produced by KONAMI in the BEMANI series introduced in 1998. It started initially as an arcade-only game but since then, it received both home versions (ports and exclusive versions) and various spin-offs. To this day, DanceDanceRevolution is the longest running BEMANI series, and has the most titles released internationally.

The serial number and version ID for DanceDanceRevolution start with FDH in DanceDanceRevolution SuperNOVA, GDJ in DanceDanceRevolution SuperNOVA2, HDX in DanceDanceRevolution X, JDX in DanceDanceRevolution X2, KDX in DanceDanceRevolution X3 VS 2ndMIX, and MDX since DanceDanceRevolution (2013). Additionally, the Hawaiian versions of DanceDanceRevolution A20 start with TDX.

History

DanceDanceRevolution series logo since 2009.

A timeline of the DanceDanceRevolution series can be found on this page.

In the spring of 1998, Yoshihiko Ota, a game producer at KCET (Konami Computer Entertainment Tokyo, a former subsidiary of KONAMI) had an idea for a music game inspired by his habit of walking around town and visiting clubs and discos. He thought that moving his body along to music was fun and could be a great idea for a game. His initial idea received mostly a negative reception from his colleagues: "It's embarrassing to dance in front of people; no one will want to do it!" He argued that the same logic could be applied to karaoke which was quite popular at that time. Ota's initial idea was for a a game operated by hand by pushing buttons to go along with the music. However, during the development of that plan, he heard about a product in development that would require the player to stand on panels and operating the game would require the player's foot. That concept mixed with his own idea inspired him to create DanceDanceRevolution.

Instead of the usual one year production schedule, Ota decided to make the initial prototype in four months with a core team of 35 people. During the production of the first game, the team studied all kind of different dances and used motion capture technique to analyze the dancers' movement. The results of their research indicated that using 4 arrows for the game would be the most optimal setting. The development process went smoothly but the reception within the company was still negative. Ota believed in his concept and decided to pursue the project with a location test. The prototype was then brought to a public arcade in Japan for two days of observation. The first day wasn't successful due to the machine being put higher than the first floor. On the second day, they moved the machine and it was a real success with the customers.

After the official release, DanceDanceRevolution became a success in Japan which led the game being released in various countries around the world. Throughout the years, DanceDanceRevolution received various spin-offs along with home versions of the game. In recent years, the series returned to be mostly an arcade-only game.

Releases

A list of all the DanceDanceRevolution releases can be found here.

Following the naming convention started with beatmania, each new DanceDanceRevolution games had the suffix MIX added after the version number. That system was kept from DanceDanceRevolution 2ndMIX until DDRMAX2 -DanceDanceRevolution 7thMIX-. The games released after that received unique names: EXTREME, then SuperNOVA and its sequel, SuperNOVA2. To celebrate the 10th anniversary of the series, DanceDanceRevolution X was announced as the successor to SuperNOVA2 and spanned two sequels: X2 and X3 VS 2ndMIX. In 2013, the arcade game returned to its core name DanceDanceRevolution. The 2013 version is known as DanceDanceRevolution (2013) while the 2014 to early 2016 version is known as DanceDanceRevolution (2014). The current version is known as DanceDanceRevolution A20 PLUS.

Gameplay

DanceDanceRevolution (2013) arcade cabinet.

The goal of the game is to gain points by stepping correctly on the matching arrows of the dance platform to the arrows seen on screen when they reach the STEP ZONE (ステップゾーン). The STEP ZONE consists of the four grey arrows (← ↓ ↑ →) that can be seen on the top of the screen below the DANCE GAUGE (or above the SCORE if the player uses the REVERSE modifier).

Dance Platform

The core of the game revolves around 4 arrows placed in a cross position on a dance platform to be stepped on by the feet of the players to musical and visual cues. A spin-off, DanceDanceRevolution Solo used 6 panels by adding an up-left and up-right arrows to the existing 4 arrows setup.

On the arcade machines, a metal bar can be found attached to each of the dance platform. Although not necessary to use, the handle bar can be useful when playing on the more advanced difficulties in the game.

Notes / Arrow Types

Usually, the arrows (or notes) are seen scrolling upward from the bottom to the top of the screen. The arrows are normally placed to match the main beat of the song. The most common note found in the game is a ¼ note. In the first two games, only ¼, ⅛, and ¹/₁₆ notes existed and they were each colored the same. After DanceDanceRevolution 3rdMIX, the game sporadically added options to change the color of the notes depending on the beat they fall on. For example, if the ARROW COLOR is set to NOTE, the ¼ notes will appear colored in red, the ⅛ notes in blue, the ¹/₁₆ notes in yellow and all other notes in green.

Other than the regular arrows, the game also has:

• Freeze Arrows (FA): One or more neon green arrows that require holding them for the duration indicated on the screen by the length of the arrows. They were added in DDRMAX -DanceDanceRevolution 6thMIX- and have the same color in every ARROW COLOR option.
• Jump: Two simultaneous arrows to step on by jumping.
• Shock Arrows (SA): A set of 4 in Single Play or 8 arrows in Double Play that the player has to avoid stepping on. The Shock Arrows can be identified with the blue lightning graphics and by the metallic color of the arrows. They were added in DanceDanceRevolution X and have the same color regardless of the ARROW COLOR option.

Judgment System

Depending on the timing accuracy of the player, various text-based judgement can appear on screen. From highest to lowest:

• Marvelous!!! is the judgment obtained when the step hits perfectly on the arrow. While it was introduced in DanceDanceRevolution EXTREME's Course mode, it was later added on every Play mode in DanceDanceRevolution SuperNOVA2. The accuracy for this rating is higher than a Perfect.
• Perfect!! is the judgment obtained when the step hit the arrow exactly on the beat.
• Great! is the judgment when the step hits the arrow slightly before or after the beat. Prior to DanceDanceRevolution (2013), it was the last rating that didn't break a combo count.
• Good is the judgment for a step that hits the arrow more than slightly off-beat. Since 2013, this rating doesn't break the combo anymore.
• O.K.!!! is the judgment obtained when a freeze arrow is hold successfully or when shock arrows pass the STEP ZONE without being stepped on.
• Miss... (also known as Boo in SuperNOVA and select American CS games) is the judgment for a step either hit too late, or not at all.
  • N.G. (No Good) is the judgment obtained when a Freeze Arrow is missed or Shock Arrows are stepped on. N.G. is now counted as part of Miss but is still shown on screen during gameplay.
  • In older games, hitting a step off-beat would get the step rating Boo (known as Almost in SuperNOVA and select American CS versions). That step rating was merged with Miss in DanceDanceRevolution X2.

Since DanceDanceRevolution X2, the game can display a judgment timing indicator (判定タイミング表示) on screen: Slow when the arrow was stepped after it matched the STEP ZONE arrows and Fast if the step was pressed before the arrows met the STEP ZONE properly. Getting a Marvelous judgment or higher (O.K. included) won't trigger the timing indicator. This feature can be disabled by the arcade operator and thus, it is not available on every arcade machine. Beginning with DanceDanceRevolution (2014), the Fast/Slow indicator can be enabled by purchasing an e-amusement Basic subscription plan.

The existence of a judgment better than "Perfect" can be thought of as an anachronism: as the game uses frame-based timing, a Perfect on the first 30 fps arcade cabinets literally meant frame perfect. After the series transitioned to 60 fps, the Perfect timing window was changed to 2 frames to keep gameplay consistent and comparable, allowing the introduction of a new frame perfect timing window smaller than the original.

DANCE GAUGE

The timing result influences both the score and the player's DANCE GAUGE (ダンスゲージ). Continuously missing (Miss) or receiving timing judgments lower than Good (except O.K.) will drain the life gauge. After a while, if the player doesn't improve, this could lead to the game ending prematurely (getting a "Game Over", thus failing the song). A visual cue exists to help identify when the life meter is low; it goes from being rainbow colored (no misses in a while) to green and/or blue (a few misses) and finally to red (danger). Also, audio cues that help identify when the player is in danger of failing include a booing audience and the announcer encouraging the player to stop missing notes. The gauge usually starts at half its capacity and is shown in green and/or blue by default. If the DANCE GAUGE is set to GRADE, it will always be colored yellow except when in DANGER. Prior to DanceDanceRevolution (2013), the DANCE GAUGE was known as the dance meter in the game tutorial.

Since DDRMAX, the standard DANCE GAUGE is often replaced with a stricter gauge such as RISKY or LIFE4 during a special event called an EXTRA STAGE which is unlocked after fulfilling one or more conditions.

Combo

Another concept is the ability to create a combo (コンボ). After hitting successfully a number of steps (4), the combo number will appear on the screen. Since DanceDanceRevolution (2013), getting a Good won't break the combo and only getting a Miss or a N.G. can now break the combo.

EX Score

An alternate scoring system similar to the beatmania and its sequel's EX Score, which was primarily used in competitions and as an accuracy standard. First used in DanceDanceRevolution EXTREME in the CHALLENGE mode, and X2 and later games, which can be enabled through a code. 3 points are awarded for a MARVELOUS!!! and O.K.!!!, 2 points for a PERFECT!!, and 1 for GREAT!.

Since DanceDanceRevolution A, EX Score is now displayed in the results screen, meaning that the player do not need to input their codes anymore.

Play Styles

VERSUS Play in DanceDanceRevolution (2014).

Introduced in the first game, these three Play Styles are found in nearly every title of DanceDanceRevolution.

• SINGLE Play (シングルプレー): A solo game using the 4 foot panels.
• DOUBLE Play (ダブルプレー): A solo game using two 4 foot panels
• VERSUS Play (バーサスプレー): A two-player game, with 4 foot panels for each player.

Play Modes

Mode	Duration	Comments
STANDARD	Up to 3 songs	This is the default mode found in every version of the game which allows the player to select one song by STAGE.
BATTLE	3 songs	Same as STANDARD, but the LIFE GAUGE is set to BATTLE and all players compete in the same game. Modifiers are enabled at random during each stage. This mode is unavailable on DOUBLE play.
PREMIUM	3 songs, plus EXTRA STAGE	Same as STANDARD, except that it enables the STAR SYSTEM for access to EXTRA STAGE, additional SPEED modifiers in 0.25x increments, and the LIFE4 gauge. Can only be selected if using an e-amusement Pass.
COURSE MODE	Up to 4 songs	Instead of selecting one song at a time, a set of songs (known as a course) can be selected. Available in select games only. In A20, COURSE is no longer a separate mode and courses can be chosen from folders in the song list.

The availability of the modes is the following:

Country/Game	Cabinet Version	Availability
		STANDARD (songs)	PREMIUM	COURSE	BATTLE	FREE
Japan	Japanese	3 songs	PASELI only	PASELI only	No	No
U.S.	U.S.	3 songs	Yes	PREMIUM only	No	No
Korea	Korean	3 songs	Yes	PREMIUM only	No	No
Other	Asian	3 songs	Yes	PREMIUM only	No	No
OFFLINE MODE	N/A	3 songs	No	No	No	No
EVENT MODE	N/A	Set in operator menu	No	Yes	No	No
Earlier versions	N/A	Up to 5 songs +1	No	Yes	Yes	No
Home versions	N/A	Up to 5 songs	No	Yes	Yes	Yes

STAGE System

Due to the game being an arcade game, it uses a STAGE (ステージ) system to limit the amount of songs played so that other player can enjoy the game too. Only one song can be played by STAGE. In the earlier games, the number of STAGE possible for a play session was decided by the arcade operator, usually from 3 to 5 songs. In the most recent versions, the game is set to 3 STAGEs (FIRST, 2nd, and FINAL) with a potential EXTRA STAGE if unlocked.

EXTRA STAGE

The EXTRA STAGE is a free STAGE awarded to the player after successfully completing a set of conditions. It was first introduced in DanceDanceRevolution, but it later returned in DDRMAX -DanceDanceRevolution 6thMIX-. In fact, EXTRA STAGEs are not available in 2ndMIX through 5thMIX, the Japanese Dancing Stage games, or the Solo games, and are only available in PREMIUM MODE since DanceDanceRevolution (2014) (PREMIUM MODE requires PASELI in Japan).

ONE MORE EXTRA STAGE / ENCORE EXTRA STAGE

If the EXTRA STAGE was cleared by completing a specific condition (different for every game), an ENCORE EXTRA STAGE can be played. It was first introduced as ONE MORE EXTRA STAGE in DDRMAX before being renamed ENCORE EXTRA STAGE in SuperNOVA2. The ENCORE EXTRA STAGE was removed in DanceDanceRevolution (2013) after being used in nine arcade games, but temporarily reappeared via a bug, then later officially returned in DanceDanceRevolution (2014) onwards.

Song Selection

Music Select Screen in DanceDanceRevolution (2014).

To select a song, the player must browse through the song list of the game using a song selection screen. Throughout the various versions of the game, the song selection interface received four major overhauls. The first version was in DanceDanceRevolution up to DanceDanceRevolution 3rdMIX: a jukebox-like interface was used. In DanceDanceRevolution 4thMIX up to DanceDanceRevolution X, the games used its most well-known iteration: a vertical song wheel. Since DanceDanceRevolution X2, the songs are chosen from left to right in a Cover Flow-style interface. DanceDanceRevolution (2014) keeps the album covers, but switches to a horizontal song wheel. DanceDanceRevolution A onwards utilizes a SOUND VOLTEX-esque selection interface, with songs selected in diagonally-slanted rows of three covers each.

Usually, the Song Selection Screen shows for each song its banner, the ratings and difficulties available for that song, its BPM, and any previous high score by the player. In DanceDanceRevolution X2, the series' long-time traditional banners were replaced by album jackets.

Similar to most other rhythm games, the songs featured in a DanceDanceRevolution game are usually short, ranging between 1:30 and 2:15 in length. Only in DanceDanceRevolution 5thMIX and DanceDanceRevolution X that long versions (known as Xmix in the latter game) were in an arcade game. In order to create more complexity in the game, the BPM of the songs can either be constant or vary during the song. Additionally, a feature known as a stop (a moment where the arrows stop scrolling on the screen) was added in DanceDanceRevolution 5thMIX.

For the first few games, KONAMI opted to use mostly licensed songs from the popular nonstop mixed compilation series, Dancemania by the label Intercord Japan (now i-DANCE). Some original songs (known as KONAMI originals) made by the game staff were also included in the song list. As the years progressed, the ratio of original songs overtook the number of Dancemania licenses. This also includes covers of songs or licenses mainly from Japanese and international artists that are included in the game but in a smaller proportion. With the addition of more rhythm games in the BEMANI series, songs from the other games got transplanted to DanceDanceRevolution as well.

Difficulty

Level

In DanceDanceRevolution, songs are rated using a number from 1, being the easiest, to 20, being the hardest. The difficulty number is known as a Foot Level due to a feet icon being displayed next to the rating number for the song in the earliest games. Initially in the first game, the rating was from 1 to 8 and each number had a corresponding name. However, these names were dropped in DanceDanceRevolution 4thMIX. The rating was expanded to 9 in DanceDanceRevolution 3rdMIX and finally up to 10 in DDRMAX2. The whole system was upgraded to its current range of 1 to 20 in DanceDanceRevolution X.

DDRMAX is the only arcade DanceDanceRevolution game to not rate its songs, instead only using the GROOVE RADAR as a difficulty indication (detailed in a section below). Almost all of its songs received official ratings in later games, though.

DANCE LEVEL

Depending on the edition of the game, dance steps are broken into 3 to 5 levels of difficulty. Each dance level is also represented by a color. The difference between each difficulty for a song is the sequence of pre-recorded dance steps (known as a chart).

BEGINNER

Added in DanceDanceRevolution EXTREME, this difficulty is aimed at newcomers. It usually has a foot level which ranges from 1 to 4, with the maximum being 9. A typical chart can include Jumps and simple Freeze Arrows. This difficulty doesn't exist in DOUBLE Play. BEGINNER can also be known as 習 (Shuu) or カンタン (Kantan) in Happy Mode found in DanceDanceRevolution X2 and X3 vs 2ndMIX respectively only.

BASIC

Introduced in DanceDanceRevolution, this difficulty is aimed at people more familiar with the game. The level range is from 3 to 7 with 13 being the maximum and 1 the minimum. Charts include 4th notes, and at times, 8th notes. In DDRMAX to DanceDanceRevolution EXTREME, BASIC was known as LIGHT (楽, raku). For the Happy Mode in DanceDanceRevolution X2 to DanceDanceRevolution X3 VS 2ndMIX, BASIC was known as ふつう (Futsuu).

DIFFICULT

Introduced in DanceDanceRevolution, this difficulty is aimed at intermediate players. The minimum difficulty is 4 and the standard difficulty range is 5 to 9 with 15 being the maximum. Charts can have 4th, 8th, and occasional 16th notes. DIFFICULT was known initially as ANOTHER from DanceDanceRevolution to DanceDanceRevolution 3rdMIX, it was changed to TRICK in DanceDanceRevolution 4thMIX to 5thMIX and became STANDARD (踊) in DDRMAX to DanceDanceRevolution EXTREME. It finally received the name DIFFICULT in DanceDanceRevolution SuperNOVA.

EXPERT

Introduced in DanceDanceRevolution, this difficulty is aimed at experienced players, and for many songs is the highest difficulty. The usual interval is 10 to 13 with 18 being the maximum and 6 the minimum. Introduced as MANIAC in DanceDanceRevolution until DanceDanceRevolution 3rdMIX, it was temporarily named SSR (Step Step Revolution) in 3rdMIX but returned to its former name in DanceDanceRevolution 3rdMIX PLUS. From DDRMAX to DanceDanceRevolution EXTREME, MANIAC was known as Heavy (激, geki) before receiving its current name EXPERT in DanceDanceRevolution SuperNOVA.

CHALLENGE

Added in DDRMAX2 -DanceDanceRevolution 7thMIX-, this last difficulty is aimed at very experienced players seeking to go beyond the above difficulty. CHALLENGE is also often referred to as 鬼 (Oni). In DDRMAX2, this difficulty was exclusive to select songs during some Nonstop Mode courses, as well as its ONE MORE EXTRA STAGE song, and even in modern games appears on a minority of songs, often with different unlock conditions compared to corresponding EXPERT charts. Typical range is 13 to 18 with 19 being the maximum and 5 being the minimum. A few songs have only a CHALLENGE chart and no other difficulties, more often than not indicating that the song selection itself is a special take on or a special remix of another song. Due to an anachronism, some older songs have a CHALLENGE chart slightly easier than their HEAVY/EXPERT chart, due to the CHALLENGE chart previously being restricted to Nonstop Mode (course) or Challenging Mode (boss course) play. In addition, the Shock Arrows (SA) added in DanceDanceRevolution X are found in CHALLENGE charts only, and an icon is displayed on-screen to notify the player of their presence in the chart. Some Shock Arrow CHALLENGE charts are intentionally a lower difficulty than their corresponding EXPERT chart, either because the Shock Arrow chart is a modified lower difficulty chart or because the Shock Arrow chart is intended to follow a certain choreography, or is otherwise meant to use Shock Arrows in a special way.

GROOVE RADAR

Introduced in DDRMAX, the GROOVE RADAR (グルーヴレーダー) was supposed to be the successor to the traditional feet level system. Due to the negative reception, the Feet Level system returned in DDRMAX2 and ever since both systems have been used in the game. In a nutshell, the GROOVE RADAR is a graphical representation of a song difficulty using a pentagon shape. The pentagon is drawn using 5 categories:

• VOLTAGE refers to the peak density of the steps of the song. It's the highest density of arrows that ever appear on the screen at once.
• AIR refers to the amount of Jumps of the song.
• FREEZE refers to the amount of Freeze Arrows of the song.
• CHAOS refers to the amount of steps that do not match well with the beat of the song.
• STREAM refers to the amount of sets of steps that are right after one another (density of steps), in the song. It is actually determined as the number of steps per minute.

Different values will appear on the GROOVE RADAR depending on the difficulty currently selected for a song. Before DanceDanceRevolution SuperNOVA, BEGINNER charts had no GROOVE RADAR data at all. The maximum value for a category is 200, having been changed to 270 after the introduction of EGOISM 440's CHALLENGE charts, which have STREAM values above 200; Single CHALLENGE has 226, while Double CHALLENGE has 270.

Modifiers

To see the complete list of modifiers found in the arcade releases, see this page.

Intended to help or to increase the difficulty of the game, modifiers have been included for players to use since the very first game. The possible options range from changing the color of the arrows or their shapes to hiding the steps on the screen. Usually, the players are free to use any options but on select occasions such as an EXTRA STAGE, the modifiers are set by the game and cannot be changed (LIFE4 in recent arcade games). Also, all ASSIST options can alter the score obtained by the player.

Scoring System

Results Screen in DanceDanceRevolution (2014).

For a complete list of scoring systems, see this page.

After each song completion, an evaluation is performed on the player's performance. It typically includes a list of each timing judgement with how many of them were obtained, the max combo, the calories burned (since DanceDanceRevolution SuperNOVA2), a global score, and a letter grade. In case the song was failed, the word FAILED appears before the evaluation screen. The same happens when the song is cleared with the word CLEARED appearing (except for Tohoku EVOLVED, which displays "Pray for All" instead).

External Links

• DanceDanceRevolution Japan Gateway website
• DanceDanceRevolution North America Gateway website
• DanceDanceRevolution Europe Gateway website
• DanceDanceRevolution Facebook Page